The extension of the veranda to a private or country house expands the space, which is often not enough. This is especially true if the building is small. In this case, such completion of the additional area solves the problem of placing many things and can serve as a recreation area where it is pleasant to spend your leisure time and sit with guests. When building a veranda, it is good to use a brick. About this in more detail in our today's material.
Varieties of verandas
The veranda can be used as a kitchen in the summer, dining room, hallway, pantry. It can be equipped with a winter garden. They attach the veranda using different building materials - brick, cinder blocks, wooden beams, glass and double-glazed windows, polycarbonate. Such an extension may be closed or open type. The closed version provides windows for lighting and ventilation. The open type provides for the construction of a terrace. They also use a combined version, which provides sliding windows or panels.
According to the method of extension to the building, the verandas are as follows:
- angular;
- end;
- front.
Important! The veranda should be built from the east or west, since most of the time the sun's rays will not fall on the structure.
In the form of such structures are:
- rectangular;
- round or semicircular;
- polygonal (usually hexagonal).
Preparatory work
Before proceeding with completion, you need to collect all the permits, because such designs make changes to the layout of the house. For this, it is also necessary to make a project of the veranda. Before the construction itself, it is necessary to prepare a place for the extension.
Project creation
The project can be ordered at any architectural bureau.
Did you know? The first rectangle-shaped bricks were made in England in the 16th century. After their active production, the process of building buildings and structures became much faster.
When compiling it, you need to take into account such moments:
- Location. In this case, the extension should be a continuation of the house.
- input. It can be from the street or from some room of the room.
- Door mounting location. Entrance doors to the veranda and the house should not be placed opposite each other, so as not to create strong drafts in the room.
- Parameters. Typically, the length of the structure corresponds to the size of the adjacent wall. In width, it usually reaches 2.5–7 m. Here it is necessary to maintain proportions with the parameters of the house.
Which brick to choose
For the construction of the veranda, these types of bricks are usually used:
- Ceramic. This material consists of clay, which undergoes firing, so it has high strength, durability and resistance to external factors. It is usually red in color.
- Silicate. The most inexpensive in cost, since the firing process does not go through. It has a white color. It consists of quartz sand with the addition of lime (7%). It should be noted that this material does not hold heat well.
- Clinker. It is produced from refractory types of clay, which is processed at a temperature of + 1100 ° C. This is a very strong, environmentally friendly material, which is characterized by high durability. But its cost is quite high.
The first two types are more popular and affordable.
Necessary materials and tools
For construction, you will need to take the following tools:
- trowel;
- pickaxe hammer;
- alignment;
- mooring cord;
- order;
- plumb and construction level;
- a shovel for a solution;
- grinder;
- electric drill;
- electric screwdriver;
- power saw;
- hammer and sledgehammer;
- bucket.
As for materials, you will need to purchase:
- brick;
- gravel;
- concrete;
- bitumen;
- slate for roofing;
- crushed stone;
- Reiki
- roof beams;
- nails
- screws;
- boards for roof lathing and flooring;
- sand.
For window openings you will need:
- wooden wedges;
- gypsum mortar;
- dry tow.
Site preparation
If there was a porch at the construction site, then it must be dismantled. It is necessary to remove the visor and remove all the elements that are no longer needed and will interfere with construction, as well as garbage. If there is vegetation in place of the future veranda, then you need to get rid of it. It should also allocate a site for warehousing building materials. The platform under the veranda is leveled and perimeter marking is made on it according to the size of the project.
Construction stages
After obtaining permits, procurement of materials and preparing the site, you can begin construction. The first is the foundation on which the walls or supporting posts are made of brick. Then fastening with the main structure is carried out and a roof is built. Then work is done on glazing, flooring, decoration and decoration.
Did you know? One of the oldest brick buildings is the Great Wall of China, built more than 2 thousand years BC. e. When laying blocks of brick used rice porridge and lime.
Foundation pouring
The choice of the foundation of the extension is influenced by its design features and soil quality. A concrete outfit is made of bricks. The foundation under the veranda is equipped at the same level as the building. This will allow the structure to not separate from the house over time. In this case, the columnar version of the foundation is well suited. But to fasten to the house very tightly is not worth it.
The columns should be marked for each corner support and intermediate racks. In the designated places, you need to dig holes with a depth of 1 m or more. Then, at the bottom of such recesses, a sand cushion should be made with a layer of 20 cm. In order to better strengthen the base, you need to pour another 20 cm of gravel or gravel, and then perform waterproofing with a hot bitumen solution. After pouring a concrete layer of 15 cm, making sure that the surface is smooth.
When the concrete hardens, you should perform several rows of bricklaying for the foundation. The height of such a brick column should be such as to be located 30 cm below the level of the floor completion in the finished form. The columns also need to be coated with a bitumen mixture. When the bitumen dries, it should be covered with soil. Between the resulting supports, it is necessary to carry out the removal of wooden blocks or bricks.
Be sure to do a check of the constructed foundation by level. If there are any flaws, then the level needs to be trimmed with a screed.
Masonry walls
On the base should be located the outer perimeter of the walls. To do this, make appropriate markings, arrange waterproofing and pull on the cords. By tensioning the cord, brickwork should be done for the cladding and the internal bearing part of the wall. The cavity between the brickwork should be filled with thermal insulation. Then, every 5 rows of masonry, outside and inside, are connected with an S-shaped wire rod (6 mm cross-section) or reinforcement. It is also necessary to make markings for doorways and install jumpers made of concrete for them.
Fixture with a house
On the areas adjoining the wall to the extension, a metal plate and reinforcement should be placed in the wall of the dwelling on the one hand, and on the other hand, fix the porch supports in the masonry. This will avoid future cracks due to structural displacement.
After laying the last row of the brick wall, it is necessary to tie the upper part of the wall with a reinforcement belt. For this purpose, formwork should be fixed on top (height about 7 cm). It is fixed with anchor bolts. Then it is necessary to lay the reinforcement and pour it with concrete mortar.
After the concrete has hardened, it is necessary to fasten wooden bars (10 × 10 cm cross-section) to the belt for strapping, fixing them with anchor bolts. On such a strapping, lags should be fixed and a temporary overlap should be established. This should be done for the construction of the roof.
Roof installation
Usually the roof for the veranda is made flat in relation to the main roof of the house. For the roof, choose lightweight rolled steel materials from steel.
First, you should make the crate of wooden boards that are mounted horizontally. Depending on the roof covering chosen, they are placed end-to-end or at intervals. Then roll-up building material is placed and fastened with nails along the edges. However, it should be well aligned. After nailing the slats for better fixation. Then the roofing material should be bent under the crate from the bottom edge by 10-12 cm and secured with nails. After this, steel sheets should be connected to the seam seams and fixed to the crate with nails. It is necessary to make sure that there is overlap on the wave with a gap of 14 cm.Important! To cover the roof of the veranda, use the same building material as for the house. Then the extension will be in good harmony with the main building.
Glazing
The dimensions of the windows are measured very carefully and place an order for finished windows (PVC, aluminum or wooden). To install window blocks, you first need to make an opening and only then insert them, fixing with wooden wedges. Then the window box is fixed in several places.
At a height of 50 cm, it is necessary to fix the board for the window. The cavity between it and the harness below should be sheathed with any suitable building material or covered with wooden shields. The window frame is mounted between the sill board and the top trim. The free space is sheathed with building material for cladding, hiding all seams and joints.
Construction masters advise alternating windows installed tightly with those that open. For the veranda, single glazing is quite suitable, but if you want to make the extension more warm, you can make double or triple. Sometimes such structures are glazed with polycarbonate.
How to make a floor
In a closed brick porch it makes sense to install wooden floors. This coating will be warm. Log boards and coatings are previously treated with anti-rotting agents, and it is advisable to do a fire treatment.
To arrange a wooden floor, it is recommended to perform the following steps:
- First, make the lower harness from the beam, which is fixed to the foundation with anchors. The bars themselves are attached to each other with nails.
- Inside the harness, install logs in increments of no more than 0.5–1 m. They are laid perpendicular to the future flooring. Before laying them on concrete, waterproofing is first made of roofing material or roofing felt. During installation, the evenness of installation is checked by level.
- Pour insulation between the lags.
- To make a flooring from a floor covering. This can be an unedged board 4–5 cm thick. Laying is done from the farthest corner with respect to the entrance. Boards are best fastened with self-tapping screws.
- Paint the floor with paint or a special varnish that emphasizes the beauty of the tree.
The flooring of the covered veranda can be made not only of wood, but also of tiles or linoleum.
Interior decoration
The walls of the covered porch can be finished with the following materials:
- Clapboard. This is the most popular and relatively inexpensive material. It is coated on top with a water repellent. It is also recommended to do a fire treatment.
- MDF panels. They are simply mounted and can be of different colors.
- Pvc panels. They can imitate wood, brick and stone. Easy to install and resistant to humidity and temperature extremes.
- Stucco. Now there are a variety of options for decorative plaster and techniques for working with it that will perfectly decorate the veranda.
Important! Finishing materials of the veranda should be in harmony with the general style of the building. The flooring and wall decoration are also selected in accordance with each other.
With a wooden floor, lining or panels under a tree will look good. Stone floor slabs will be in harmony with the cladding imitating stone or brick. Linoleum can have a variety of colors and they can beat different interior decoration options. It should be noted that on the veranda the raw red brick will look appropriate and stylish. It is good to conduct electricity on the covered veranda and make lighting. You can even install heaters.
Clapboard or panels can be used to finish the ceiling.
Dressing
The veranda can be used for various needs, for example, as a workshop, gym, dining room, children's room, games room, most often it is used as a relaxation area with a dining table and seats. In the latter case, rattan or plastic furniture, a rocking chair and a hammock, frameless upholstered furniture will look appropriate. Modular options are especially attractive when you can assemble a couple of chairs from the sofa. If you have a stone floor, you can use forged furniture. Pillows and rugs will look good on such furniture. Not the last role in the decor can play textiles: tablecloths and napkins, curtains, carpet, rugs. You can also use roller blinds or Roman curtains in various colors.
On the veranda, you can install lighting in the form of a stylish sconce or chandelier, hang luminous garlands and arrange lamps. If there are several zones, then in each you can set your own light source. The veranda can be decorated with indoor and greenhouse plants, turning it into a green corner.
The veranda can be a useful and functional extension to the main building. It can be built with your own hands, trimmed and furnished to your liking in order to spend your leisure time in it.