Quite often, home owners need to increase the space. In this case, a successful and practical solution would be the extension of the veranda. From this article you will learn about how to correctly connect the foundations of a new building and a residential building, what types of them can be used under the terrace, the principles of construction and the choice of location, and you can also determine the necessary set of tools and materials yourself.

How to connect the foundations of the house and the veranda

An extension of the veranda with a foundation, regardless of the size of the future structure, is only a simple matter at first glance. First of all, it should be remembered that when carrying out work it is important to adhere to legislative and construction standards, including obtaining permits for a new construction.

The foundation of the future construction is one of the important tasks that must be dealt with at the very beginning. The best solution in this case is the combination of the foundations of buildings, rather than the construction of a separate stand.

Before the erection of the future veranda it is necessary to study in detail what the foundation of the house consists of, how it was built and its overall dimensions. In order to avoid future subsidence of the floor and cracks on the walls, it is recommended to erect a foundation of the same type under the veranda as at the house. First of all, this is due to the intensity of shrinkage, because different types of substrates interact differently with the soil. The depth of the two structures must also coincide in order to avoid distortions in the future.

Another important point in the construction of the foundation of the veranda is the time of year. In the spring, moisture increases near the ground, and this will entail additional shrinkage of the structure. Also, a significant nuance may be the difference in the weight of the two buildings, which will also lead to uneven subsidence.

Given these factors, it is recommended to wait one season before carrying out basic construction work and provide for a technical gap. To combine the foundations, it is recommended to use concrete mortar or reinforced concrete, having previously reinforced the bases with a reinforcing cage or drilling reinforcing bars into the old foundation.

Depending on the severity of the new design, foundations can be connected in several ways:

1. Separate construction of the foundation of a new building in the immediate vicinity of the old base. In this case, a full-fledged reinforced concrete grillage is constructed, and the distance between the two bases is filled with roofing material. When using this method, you need to take into account all the factors that affect shrinkage and create a layer that will allow the new foundation to play, but not damage the old structure.
2. Rigid connection of the foundation of the house and the building. This method is considered difficult to predict and is used if the soil on the site allows you to calculate the shrinkage, and the future construction will have several floors. When using this method, a new foundation of the same type as the old should be erected, and the weight of the future building should not differ significantly from the old. Buildings of too different dimensions will have different shrinkage intensities, and this will lead to distortions and cracks.

Important! If the soil on the site is prone to severe heaving, it is recommended that the floor level of the new building be done below the level of the main house. Calculations are based on the amount of heaving.

If at the stage of the initial construction of the house you are already planning to expand its territory, it is recommended to lay the foundation for future construction. This will allow you to create a single design, which during downtime will finally take up the right place and get stronger.

Foundation options for a veranda or terrace

The construction of outbuildings, such as a porch or terrace, requires a certain amount of knowledge and certain skills for such work. However, this does not mean at all that it is not possible to do this. To begin with, it is necessary to build a foundation foundation, after selecting its suitable type.

Such a choice will depend on the characteristics of the soil, namely its qualities:

• freezing depth;
• groundwater approach level;
• all physical and mechanical characteristics and soil type.

Based on all these characteristics, choose the appropriate type of foundation, which will ensure the durability and strength of the extension and will be the most cost-effective.

The following types of foundation are available:

1. Columnar. It is considered the least expensive type of foundation in terms of price and materials. It is a series of posts along the entire extension area, while around the posts located around the perimeter, they are strapping, and the logs are attached to internal supports. Use such materials: brick, cinder block, small foundation blocks, metal supports. Advantages are: ease of installation, low price, suitability for any type of soil. The disadvantages are: it is not suitable for large and heavy outbuildings, it does not allow to completely make insulation under the terrace.
2. Tape. This type of foundation is optimal for any veranda. During its installation, a prerequisite is the connection of the bases between themselves by reinforcement. It is considered a shallow type of foundation, the depth of the trench is enough 0.5 m. The tape is taken as a monolithic and a combined team. Advantages: ease of implementation and reliability. The disadvantages can be called: not suitable for some types of soil, for example, for unsteady and with shallow groundwater. However, even these problems can be solved by elementary reinforcement of the entire structure: in problem areas, the foundation is made deeper, wider and with reinforced reinforcing cage.
3. Pile. Represents a design from separate elements - piles. Piles are immersed to a certain depth and are interconnected by a grillage or beam, on which the veranda rests. The advantages of this type of foundation are: independence from soil quality, with the help of it you can avoid deformation of the entire extension during soil subsidence, also low cost. Cons: requires significant labor and accuracy when performing installation.
4. Screw. Universal subtype suitable for most soils. The bearing qualities of this foundation are the better, the more pipes are used, their increased diameter also has a positive effect. The screw foundation with a metal grillage is expensive and complicated in execution.
5. PVC pipes. This type is reliable and economical. This foundation is being erected in places where groundwater does not extend deep from the surface of the earth and it is very problematic to dig a pit or trench. The advantage over other types will be the simplicity of its arrangement, as well as the possibility of construction on the ground of any quality. During the construction of a structure, all types of base loads act in all directions. This prevents the pipes from loosening and sinking deep into the ground. The disadvantages of such a foundation: do not withstand significant loads; only suitable for light types of extensions; service life does not exceed 50 years.
6. From foam blocks. The foundation of FBS blocks is the best option for building on any quality of soil, even on problematic, such as sandy. Advantages: solidity and strength, suitable for the construction of massive buildings. There are also disadvantages: high cost, special equipment is needed during the construction, requires thorough waterproofing, is not suitable for the attached type of terraces, large labor costs, a huge amount of building materials, excludes the existence of a subfloor.

The general stages of the construction of all types of foundation foundations will be: preparation and marking of the territory, excavation of pits or trenches, installation of fittings and pouring with cement composition. However, it should be noted that each type of foundation requires some additional stages of construction.

Columnar

The veranda is a relatively light structure, so the foundation for it is not necessary to erect a heavy. Most often, it is the columnar option that is preferred. To erect this type of foundation is very simple, you do not need any special knowledge and skills. Any material is suitable for construction: cinder block, brick.

A very easy version of the terrace will require the construction of 3-5 supports, which are not connected to each other in any way and are at a certain distance. The depth chosen is the same as for the house itself, to which it is planned to make an extension.

The column base construction algorithm:

1. Material selection. Need reinforcement, concrete, sand, wire, roofing material.
2. Territory preparation. It is necessary to clean the necessary territory of debris, then make markings and hammer stakes. The estimated distance between the supports should be no more than 1.5 m. Stakes are clogged at the place of construction of the supports.
3. Digging pits. At the site of each future support, dig holes up to 1 m deep, while the depth should be the same as the foundation of the house was built on. Pour sand into an even layer of 20 cm at the bottom, and then compact it.
4. Support frame. From reinforcing rods according to the size of future posts, a frame is built, which is installed in the center of each pit. Connecting the rods of the reinforcement can only be done using wire, this cannot be done by welding.
5. Formwork. In order to make the formwork of the pillars, you should take the roofing material, which will also serve as an excellent waterproofing layer for the foundation.
6. Erection of supports. The next step will be the construction of bricks or blocks of pillars. In the beginning, make a small pillow of sand, well tamped. The supports can be lined with brick or decorative tiles.

This type of base is suitable for the construction of a light veranda, for example, from a profile pipe or wood. It is done on average in 3 days, saving time and money.

Tape

This type is good for heavy structures made of brick, foam concrete, shell rock and cinder block. The tape version is a monolith, consisting of reinforcement, wire, sand, gravel and concrete. Formwork is an indispensable element of the tape version, it is constructed from boards or sheets of plywood, bonded to each other. First, they clear the area under the foundation.

Step-by-step construction instructions:

1. Digging a trench. It is important to take into account that different trench depths require different trench depths: for clay, about 1.5 m; for sand - 30 cm. The width of the future foundation is needed 20-30 cm wider than the width of the annex walls. Consequently, the trench is also necessary 5 cm wider than the foundation. A layer of sand about 10 cm is poured onto the bottom. It should be well tamped.
2. Formwork. The next step is the installation of formwork. Formwork is made from sheets of plywood or boards, knocked together and then installed in trenches, protruding about 30 cm above the ground. To give stability, it is necessary to make struts in the form of pegs.
3. Reinforcing belt installation. The fittings are taken up to 1 mm thick, the stakes are interconnected using a wire. The welding method cannot be used.
4. Pouring concrete. Concrete is kneaded according to the classical recipe: sand, water and cement, then poured into the formwork until the entire foundation is poured.
5. Additional fittings. After pouring the entire foundation, additional reinforcement is sometimes performed to give the structure greater strength and reliability. To do this, reinforcement rods are stuck throughout the entire area of ​​the foundation.

The solidification of this type of foundation occurs within about 2 weeks. This type is strong and durable, suitable for massive verandas.

Pile

The pile type of foundation is considered quite simple, suitable for lightweight construction of extensions. It is reliable, durable and easy to build.

The process of laying such a foundation consists of the following stages:

1. Territory preparation. First you need to remove about 20 cm of fertile soil. If it is clay in the area, then you need to pour 10 cm of gravel and sand, level out.
2. Territory Marking. At this stage of construction, pegs and piles mark the territory for future piles. The distance between them should be approximately 2.5 m.
3. Piling. First you need to dig pits for each support. Then make a reinforcing belt and a waterproofing layer of roofing material. And then pour the concrete solution.
4. Mounting grillage. It is necessary to leave piles above ground level to a height of about half a meter. After installing the piles, a metal steel tip is mounted on top. Then a grillage or timber is placed on top of the entire structure.

Did you know? The first houses in Venice were built on wooden stilts of larch and oak. Their safety makes possible the dirt that is in the soil and sticks around the piles, providing protection against corrosion and damage.

The height of this type of foundation is affected by many indicators: soil quality, the height of the foundation of the house itself. Immediately before the installation of piles, it is necessary to make a waterproofing layer of roofing material in each pit.

Screw

The screw foundation is designed for the construction of light types of extensions. This design is an iron pile, at the ends of which there are blades inserted into the ground. This option is good in that it can be built in a few hours on the ground of any quality. Piles are taken with a diameter depending on the power of the future design, and the distance between them should be left about 1.5 m.

The algorithm for laying the screw base is as follows:

1. Territory Marking. Pegs are driven into the points where future piles will be located, a rope is pulled between them. Do this in order to track deviations from the center.
2. Screwing piles. Next is the process of directly screwing piles to a depth of about 1.5 m. For this, a special device is used. The edges of the piles should be approximately 30 cm above the ground.
3. Pouring concrete. To give the design greater reliability, concrete is poured into the cavity of the cylindrical supports. Next, you need to let it completely harden and weld iron heads with a welding machine, on which the terrace itself is further installed.

The screw foundation is suitable for the construction of wooden terraces. If you paint such piles with black paint, then they will become almost invisible. It is preferable to use this type of foundation on clay or sandy soils. Installing it is very simple and quick.

From the pipes

For the construction of light types of extensions, you can use such a reliable type of base, as from PVC pipes. It is very easy to install. You will need PVC pipes about 2 m long. Pipes are dug into the ground to a depth of more than 1 m. The aboveground part acts as a formwork, in which they make a reinforced belt and pour concrete.

A step-by-step plan for the construction of a foundation from pipes is as follows:

1. Digging holes. You can use a shovel and a special drill for digging. Depth should be at least 1.5 m.
2. Pipe installation. Pipes are inserted into the prepared pits, and a concrete solution is poured into them.
3. Arm belt manufacturing. After the concrete has completely dried, 3 reinforcement rods are connected together by a special wire.The finished bundle is installed inside the pipe and poured with concrete. Allow to solidify for 3 days.
4. After solidification bases, it is necessary to build a metal head, which is fixed on the tops of the pipes. Then you can proceed with the construction of the veranda.

From FBS blocks

The construction of the base of FBS blocks for the veranda is most often chosen for sandy soils. However, you can perform it on the soil of any quality. This type is expensive, and special equipment is needed for its construction, therefore FBS blocks are almost not used in the construction of extensions, since there are many more affordable and easy to install options.

Important! It is not necessary to combine the old and new foundations with a rigid method, if there is no way to let the new foundation stand. In any case, the structure will shrink, and as a joint, it is better to use a deformation seam.

The block foundation needs good waterproofing in order for it to last longer. In general, such blocks are used in the construction of massive buildings, and not as light as a terrace.

Step by step execution of the block base is as follows:

1. First you need to dig a trench.
2. Next, prepare a pillow from layers of sand and gravel.
3. Then comes the flooring of the waterproofing layer of roofing material or a special film.
4. Then comes the process of laying foam blocks on a cement mortar. On the sides and top it is also necessary to waterproof and insulate the base. They do this because this type of material is hygroscopic and not resistant to temperature extremes.

Column foundation construction

According to the depth of the tab, the columnar type of the base can be divided into the following types: shallow and shallow. In the first embodiment, the pillars are located on the surface of the earth. In the second - the base settles down below the ground level by half a meter. The fertile soil layer is always removed during construction.

There are several types of columnar foundations. It can be solid or precast. Solid or monolithic is a design with grillages. To give the supports greater strength, it is necessary to perform reinforcement. In the case of a prefabricated base, burnt brick is used, which is an expensive material.

The unfinished type is chosen very often for the construction of outbuildings. The distance between the supports is an average of 2 m. Materials for creation require the following: concrete, brick, concrete blocks, but. Bricks do not take silicate or ceramic, since they have low frost resistance.

The stages of construction of this type of foundation:

1. Cleaning and marking the area under the terrace. It is necessary to determine the areas where future supports will be located. Initially, they are erected at the corners of the future extension, and then they determine the required number of supports by calculating the load on all the elements of the foundation.
2. The construction of the sand layer under each support.
3. The construction of pillars. Connect the support elements with each other using concrete. The visible part of the blocks is finished with plaster.
4. Next, waterproof the pillars using roofing material.

A shallow columnar foundation is also used for the construction of verandas. For formwork, take metal or plastic pipes. The diameter is selected depending on the expected load, it can be 10–20 cm.

Creating this type of foundation takes place in several steps:

1. Cleaning and marking the territory. Pegs mark the installation location of future posts. Presumably, there may be only 4.
2. Digging pits under supports. Add a minimum of 15 cm to the depth for a sand cushion.
3. Creating a Sand Cushion. After the sand has been poured, it is poured with water and tamped. Then at the bottom it is necessary to lay a layer of roofing material.
4. Pipe installation. If on the site groundwater lies close to the surface, then the pipes are coated with a waterproofing composition.
5. Pouring concrete. Concrete mortar must be filled in the cavity of the pipe. Allow to solidify.
6. Pole waterproofing. The pipes are covered with roofing material, and then the well is covered with sand. And after all, it is necessary to reinforce and pour concrete to the upper edge of the pipe. The construction of the terrace continues 3 weeks after the last stage of the construction of the foundation.

Necessary materials and tools

For work on pouring all types of substrates, materials such as cement, reinforcement, sand, gravel or gravel, wire, ruberoid, nails, stakes, skeins, ropes will be required. And then materials are selected depending on the type of base chosen. It can be foam blocks, PVC pipes, bricks, cinder block, wooden boards, metal pipes and other materials.

Foundation building tools will require the following:

• concrete mixer;
• shovel;
• container for mixing concrete;
• hand wheelbarrow;
• tamper;
• welding machine;
• hammer;
• Bulgarian;
• pliers;
• roulette;
• drill;
• nail clipper;
• saw;
• screwdriver.

Site selection and preparation

Equipped with a veranda in the form of a large porch or open type without glazing. It can be of different sizes, of any length, located along the entire wall or at the exit to the backyard. Sometimes they even build a terrace encircling the whole house. The type of terrace chosen affects the type of base. If the veranda is located at the main entrance to the house, then it is built on the same basis and decorated with the same finish.

If it is located at the exit to the back yard, then the base can be made of light type. The territory is prepared in this way: all the garbage is removed, sometimes the removal of the entire fertile topsoil is required, approximately 20 cm. In this case, it is necessary to know the type of soil, and if it is clayey, pour a layer of rubble and sand and compactly compact it.

Step-by-step construction instructions

In general, a step-by-step instruction on the construction of the foundation depends on the type of foundation chosen.

The following main steps can be distinguished:

1. Cleaning and marking of the selected area. Pegs are installed around the perimeter, and a rope is pulled between them.
2. Based on a pre-selected type, they either dig out separate pits for each pillar, or dig a trench.
3. A pillow of rubble and sand is laid at the bottom of the trench or pit.
4. Using wooden boards, formwork is made.
5. Next, they perform the installation of fittings, which are interconnected by wire.
6. Pour the cement mixture.
7. Waterproofing the structure.
8. Further, the foundation is left to dry for several weeks, and only after this period it will be possible to proceed with the further construction of the extension.

Did you know? During the construction of the Cheops Pyramid, a low hill was used as the foundation, on top of which was a rock. The builders leveled the surface and created a peculiar pillow from three-ton limestone blocks, which were laid out in the form of a square with a side of 225 m.

Thus, if you have a need to build a veranda, you need to properly connect the two foundations. To do this, it is important to consider all the factors that affect the shrinkage of the structure, study the old foundation and allow the new to stand well. During construction, it is necessary to adhere strictly to the work technology so that the new veranda stands for more than one year.