Often, owners of private houses need to expand the space by building a veranda. One of the main elements of this design is a high-quality, strong roof. What it can be and by what principle is built, read below.

Types of roofs

Starting to attach an additional room to the house, the first thing to do is figure out what types of roofing in general can be organized on them.

Important! Flat types of roofs on outbuildings do not. In winter, a large amount of snow accumulates on them, and during rainy periods leaks can occur - this will inevitably lead to the rapid failure of not only this structure, but also negatively affect the condition of the load-bearing wall, which adjoins the additional room.

In total, 3 large groups stand out, which will be appropriate to use in this matter:

• single slope;
• gable;
• hip or semi-hip.

Each of them combines several varieties. They are selected depending on the purpose of operation of the extension and in accordance with the general style in which the private house is decorated.

A single-pitched roof is one of the simplest options. Its first variety is mounted on poles. It is mainly used for rooms that will not be residential, that is, for closing the veranda, summer kitchen, terrace, garage or outbuildings. The design does not imply the presence of an attic, so it will be cold and not suitable for regions with harsh winters.

All the heat from the extension will go through the walls. But if the room will be used as a summer kitchen, and not year-round, then this drawback will only be useful. The design does not require complicated miscalculations. It is enough to install supporting columns and place the building under the necessary or permissible slope. More often these roofs are mounted at a small angle. The rafters are fixed with a Mauerlat and overlapping beams, so even such a simple design will withstand the most dimensional roof.

The second option of single-ply coatings is used when the extension is planned to be equipped with heating devices. It suggests a steeper slope arrangement. Then the rafter system and the attic compartment will be located at some distance from each other, which will allow to lay insulation material in this place.

The design is quite complex and requires a thorough approach to calculations and installation. In this option, it is important to ensure that one part of the rafters adjoins the ridge of the roof of the house. This type of fixation obliges to strengthen the load-bearing partition, on which the load will significantly increase due to redevelopment.Regardless of the variety used, the single-pitch type of roof assumes a not too large slope. The angle is attached on average in the range of 5–45 °. The gable roof on the extension is mounted much less frequently, because it is quite difficult to perform. Represents 2 slopes connected among themselves and forming a triangular top. One of the pediments of the structure is fixed to the wall. Usually it is used for installation on extensions at the end of the main building.

Did you know? Scientists believe that the prototype of modern tiles is flat clay cakes burned on fire and used as roofing material by the ancient Egyptians, that is, from about the middle of 4 thousand BC. e.

Hip and semi-hip roofs are mounted on extensions built on one side of the living room, but having a large width. They use similar designs even less often than gable ones, and design them in advance, in parallel with the house. In this embodiment, the support beams that will underlie the rafter system are placed on the wall of the general structure, which significantly increases the load not only on it, but also the foundation as a whole. From the above information it follows that with your own hands, without resorting to the help of specialists, you can mount a shed roof on the veranda, which will be discussed below.

Material selection

When the option of the roof, which will be equipped with the building, is clarified, you can do the selection of material. The traditionally considered single-slope structure is a set of wooden beams interconnected, covered with roofing material, similar to what lies on the general building. However, if this goal is unattainable, then the overlap is selected depending on the financial resources and the goals for which the veranda will be used. For lightweight construction, you can take polycarbonate, for heavier - from metal (corrugated board), cement-asbestos fibers (slate) or the like.

For installation, the following materials will be required:

• insulation and waterproofing;
• a beam for beams, rafters and supports with a section of 120 × 120 or 150 × 150 mm, depending on the mass of the roofing;
• a board for the crate, as well as the sheathing of the ends and side sections with dimensions of 50 × 120 or 50 × 150 mm;
• roofing material.

Drawing up the project and scheme of rafters

If you decide to lengthen the main room by adding the veranda, then even when using the simplest design, the first thing to do is draw up a drawing. The figure should depict the main building at a certain scale. Then the veranda and the roof.

When designing a roof, it is important to determine the inclined angle. This parameter directly affects the operating time frame and design efficiency, as well as the amount of materials. The higher the angle, the greater the volume of elements required for the construction. The parameter is adjusted depending on the weather conditions of a particular region and the type of roofing material. With the first influence factor, everything is clear: more precipitation - stronger slope. Regarding the second, you will have to study the optimal parameters for each material separately.

Minimum values ​​for the angle of inclination depending on the type of roofing elements:

And another factor according to which the specified parameter is selected is aesthetics.

Important! When buying wood for the rafter system, 20% should be added to the calculated parameters for trim and joints, and for an overlap allowance for roofing.

Further, when designing, one should take into account the following parameters:

• rafter lengths based on the weight of the roofing material;
• the same indicator for gain elements;
• roof slope area.

The easiest way is to make miscalculations in special programs, which are quite a lot on the Internet. In some, a special calculator is provided in which you only need to enter the values ​​and the result is ready.

Necessary tools

Performing such work is impossible without the availability of certain tools. When the project is drawn up and the materials are selected, it's time to resolve this issue.

To install the roof on the annex you will need:

• saw (you can hand or electric) or a grinder with a circle on a tree;
• drill;
• screwdriver;
• level;
• roulette;
• screws or nails;
• furniture stapler;
• ax;
• hammer;
• metal corners.

Well, do not forget about the means of protection for yourself. It is better to work with gloves so as not to drive a splinter or get irritation when attaching heat materials, which are usually taken as mineral wool or the like. When using a grinder, it is worth stocking a protective mask for the eyes and respiratory tract.

Step-by-step instructions for erecting a roof

The single-slope option is quite easy to perform. Starting construction, it is worth enlisting the help of a friend or relative for insurance. To begin with, you will need to assemble a rafter system. After this, you can begin the installation of the roof. The easiest way is to assemble the structure on the ground and then mount it to the frame.

Rafter system construction

Three types of rafter systems are classified. The choice will be based on the style and dimensions of the building, which should be closed.

Types of rafter systems:

1. Hanging - Organized quite rarely. Suitable for buildings in which there is no capital partition. First, an auxiliary layer is created from the crossbeams, which are placed on the roof beams lying on parallel walls with a similar height. The whole rafter farm is concentrated on such a frame.
2. Pop - Designed for buildings with partitions inside made of brick or stone. Walls provide extra rigidity and hold beams. In this design, the support legs are firmly fixed to the gable partition with a Mauerlat pre-mounted on it. The bottom edge can be equipped with rigid or driving parts.
3. Sliding - used for buildings made of logs. It allows you to control and minimize roof deformation during shrinkage. In this embodiment, the rafters are rigidly fixed on the Mauerlat, laid on the end wall. The bottom edge is fastened only by driving parts, which is a hallmark of the design.

When the project is on hand and all materials with tools are prepared, you can begin to work. You should also familiarize yourself with the weather forecast in advance so that no intrigues of nature become an obstacle to installation.

Did you know? The largest metal roof covered the Ferrari World Park, located in the UAE. Its dimensions are comparable to fifty football fields.

Step-by-step instruction on the erection of the rafter system:

1. Overlap the structure with beams for safety, placing them in increments of 500-800 mm. To extend the life of the material, a ruberoid should first be placed on the partition.
2. Place Mauerlat on top of the beams. Put it on the back of the extension.
3. Make a temporary flooring of boards on top of the floor beams in order to move freely around the structure.
4. To erect a pediment partition from the same material as the general building.
5. Cover the beams with waterproofing and wall them in the wall.
6. On the pediment, fix the second Mauerlat.
7. Mark on the lower and gable walls. According to her, the rafters will be fixed. Further in the marked places you need to make grooves.
8. Fix the rafter legs to the designated points - they should cut clearly into the joint. For stronger fixing, fasten the corners. The ribs need to be attached more firmly to the pediment, and in the lower part, depending on the type of construction chosen, a sliding connection can be made.
9. Each rafter must be fastened in a certain sequence - first the extreme edges are mounted, then a rope is stretched between them, which will serve as a kind of level. Already installed elements are fastened with beams using racks, struts, etc. details that are designed to give stability to the structure.

Roof installation

Next, insulation work is carried out, then the roofing equipment is installed and the roof can be closed.

Phased steps:

1. Place between the rafters mineral wool or other similar material as insulation. It can be fixed with metal staples.
2. Make a counter grill for ventilation.
3. Lay waterproofing over the previous layer. This approach will protect the insulation from excessive moisture.
4. Make a crate on which the roofing material will be attached. The type of construction will depend on it. If the roof is soft, then the crate is made continuous. You can even take sheets of plywood, rather than individual boards. If the roof is made of hard, heavy materials, then the design will look like a lattice. The step between the squares will depend entirely on the size of the pieces of roofing material.
5. Sheathe the roof.

How to attach a roof to the house

In order for the attached structure to have a harmonious look, all the work needs to be done correctly. To begin with, they build a frame and a wall. Only then can the roof be made, connected to the general building and covered with roofing material.

Did you know? Previously, in Russia, instead of bitumen tiles, a ploughshare was used. It was a wooden plate made of pine, whose age was at least 45 years.

If the additional structure is not planned to be embedded in the main wall or roof, then the joints will need to be waterproofed to provide protection against moisture in the crevices. It is also worth considering that the edges of the rafters are best wound behind the frame for better removal of precipitation.

When it is planned that a terrace will be completed to a residential building, it is necessary to take care of planning the roof drawings in advance. The best option for the construction is the single-slope option. It will be easier to build up and not require a large amount of materials.